Foreign Object in the Eye: What to Do Immediately and When to See a Doctor

Clinical guidance outlines clear steps to protect vision and prevent permanent damage.

At home, at work, or even while cooking, a speck of dust, metal, or a chemical splash can end up in the eye. Specialists say acting quickly — but correctly — can make the difference between a minor irritation and a serious eye injury.

According to clinical recommendations from the Cleveland Clinic, foreign objects in the eye are among the most common eye emergencies. While many cases involve small particles, improper handling can lead to infection, corneal abrasions, or even vision loss.

The first step many people forget

Before touching the eye, doctors recommend washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water. This step is essential to avoid introducing bacteria or debris that could worsen irritation. Hand sanitizer alone is not enough, as it may leave irritating residue.

Next, stand in front of a mirror with good lighting. Gently pull down the lower eyelid or lift the upper eyelid to look for the particle while moving your eyes in different directions.

If the object is on the white part of the eye or inside the lower eyelid, some specialists say it may be removed very carefully using a clean tissue, a sterile cotton swab, or a freshly washed fingertip. The motion should move toward the tear duct, which can help the eye naturally flush out the debris.

However, experts emphasize one critical rule: never touch the cornea or the iris. Optometrist Robert Engel warns that attempting to remove an object attached to these areas can cause severe damage, including corneal ulcers.

What to do if chemicals get into the eye

If the incident involves an unknown liquid or chemical, experts recommend starting to rinse the eye immediately. Use a gentle stream of lukewarm water or sterile saline for at least 15 minutes, tilting the head so the liquid flows from the inner corner of the eye outward.

For people who wear contact lenses, medical guidance suggests beginning the rinse first and removing the lenses after the first minute to reduce exposure to the substance.

Mistakes that can make the injury worse

Eye care specialists consistently advise avoiding:

• Rubbing or pressing the eye

• Using tweezers or tools to remove particles

• Applying eye drops or medication without medical advice

• Attempting to remove objects embedded in the eye

These actions can increase the risk of infection or damage to the eye’s surface.

Warning signs that require medical care

You should seek professional care if symptoms include severe pain, blurred vision, strong light sensitivity, or redness that does not improve within 24 hours. Medical attention is also recommended if the object is metallic, chemical, or cannot be safely removed.

In communities where many people work in construction, kitchens, or manufacturing — jobs with higher exposure to airborne particles — specialists stress the importance of protective eyewear and quick response to any eye injury.

The key message from experts is straightforward: never underestimate an eye injury. Acting quickly and following medical guidance can protect something essential — your vision.